It is known to have been associated with agriculture in the Old World since early times and has had an old symbolism and association with agricultural fertility. As with many such plants, the area of origin is often ascribed by Americans to Europe, and by northern Europeans to southern Europe. Papaver, also pappa, is the Latin word for food or milk and rhoeas means flow/fall off in Greek.
It was formally described by the Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus in his seminal publication Species Plantarum in 1753. Rhoeadic acid, papaveric acid and rhoeagenine are also found in this plant. Papaver rhoeas contains the alkaloid called rhoeadine, which is a mild sedative. A very pale speckled variety, derived from the Shirley, is also available.Ī nearly black-flowering hybrid, known as 'Evelina', was bred in Italy in the late 1990s, with P. dubium, but does not appear to be available commercially.
The Shirley poppy is a well known cultivar. Selective breeding has resulted in cultivars in yellow, orange, pink, and white.
Not all corn poppies that are available commercially have red flowers. Like many other species of Papaver, the plant exudes white to yellowish latex when the tissues are broken. The capsules are hairless, obovoid (egg-shaped), less than twice as tall as they are wide, with a stigma at least as wide as the capsule. The flower stem is usually covered with coarse hairs that are held at right angles to the surface, helping to distinguish it from P. dubium in which the hairs are more usually appressed ( i.e. The plant can produce up to 400 flowers in a warm season, that last only one day. The stems hold single flowers, which are large and showy, 5–10 cm (2–4 in) across, : 32 with four petals that are vivid red, most commonly with a black spot at their base. It grows up to about 70 centimetres (28 inches) in height. In the Northern Hemisphere it generally flowers in late spring (between May and October in the UK) but if the weather is warm enough other flowers frequently appear at the beginning of autumn. Papaver rhoeas is a variable, erect annual, forming a long-lived soil seed bank that can germinate when the soil is disturbed. The three stages in a common poppy flower: bud, flower, and capsule Since World War I, it has been used in the Commonwealth as a symbol of remembrance for fallen soldiers. The corn poppy and its cultivars such as the Shirley poppy are widely grown in gardens, and are frequently found in packets of seed labelled "wildflower mixes". Flushes of poppies may still appear in fields where herbicides are not used, as well as those in fallow. As the plant thrives in areas of disturbed soil, it was often abundant in agricultural fields before the advent of herbicides. It is regarded as an agricultural weed (hence the common names including "corn" and "field"). It is a temperate native with a very wide distribution area, from Africa to temperate and tropical Asia and Europe. Papaver rhoeas, with common names including common poppy, corn poppy, corn rose, field poppy, Flanders poppy, and red poppy, is an annual herbaceous species of flowering plant in the poppy family Papaveraceae.
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